The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has gone to Sweden’s Svante Paabo for his work on human evolution.

Today the 2022 #NobelPrize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Svante Pääbo. Take a look at all of today's news:https://t.co/GleXwQOxne

— The Nobel Prize (@NobelPrize) October 3, 2022

The Prize committee said he achieved the seemingly impossible task of cracking the genetic code of one of our extinct relatives – Neanderthals.

https://t.co/HI72Nyesxt

— The Nobel Prize (@NobelPrize) October 3, 2022

He also performed the “sensational” feat of discovering the previously unknown relative – Denisovans.

His work helped explore our own evolutionary history and how humans spread around the planet.

Watch the very moment the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is announced. Presented by Thomas Perlmann, Secretary-General of the Nobel Assembly.

See the full announcement: https://t.co/fcLxEf9p0W #NobelPrize pic.twitter.com/Q4emKNZ2Mo

— The Nobel Prize (@NobelPrize) October 3, 2022

The Swedish geneticist’s work gets to the heart of some of the most fundamental questions – where do we come from and what allowed us, Homo sapiens, to succeed while our relatives went extinct.

He was just off to pick his daughter up from a sleepover when he got the call saying he’d won. He told the BBC: “I was very surprised and overwhelmed, I had not expected this.”

In the 1990s, research on working out the human genetic code was taking place at pace. But that relied on fresh samples of pristine DNA.

Prof Paabo’s interest was in the old, degraded and contaminated genetic material from our ancestors. Many thought it was an impossible challenge. But he was, for the first time, able to sequence DNA from a 40,000-year-old piece of bone.

2022 #NobelPrize laureate in physiology or medicine Svante Pääbo was born in 1955 in Stockholm, Sweden.

In 1999 he founded the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany (@MPI_EVA_Leipzig) where he is still active.https://t.co/w31ccQ5218 pic.twitter.com/SQveQE3AZL

— The Nobel Prize (@NobelPrize) October 3, 2022

Those results showed that Neanderthals – who mostly lived in Europe and Western Asia – were distinct from both modern day humans and chimpanzees.

His work focused on hominins – the group of modern humans that includes us, Homo sapiens, but also our extinct relatives.

“By revealing genetic differences that distinguish all living humans from extinct hominins, his discoveries provide the basis for exploring what makes us uniquely human”, the Nobel committee said.

Further comparisons between Neanderthal DNA and humans from around the world showed their DNA was a closer match to humans coming from Europe or Asia.

This tells us that Homo sapiens had sex and children with Neanderthals after migrating out of Africa around 70,000 years ago.

And you can still see the legacy of that today. Between 1-4% of modern human DNA comes from our Neanderthal relatives and this even affects our body’s ability to respond to infection.

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L’article Nobel Prize goes to Svante Paabo for Neanderthal work est apparu en premier sur زوايا ميادين | Mayadin Columns.

Fondateur du journal russe Novaïa Gazeta, anticonformiste, indépendant, qui dénonce sans complaisance les failles de la société russe, Dmitri Mouratov a reçu le prix Nobel de la paix ce vendredi 8 octobre avec la Philippine Maria Ressa. Le comité loue “ses efforts  visant à défendre la liberté d’expression”. Félicité par le Kremlin pour “son talent et son courage”, salué par ses confrères, il entend continuer son combat, souligne la presse russe.

BREAKING NEWS:
The Norwegian Nobel Committee has decided to award the 2021 Nobel Peace Prize to Maria Ressa and Dmitry Muratov for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression, which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace.#NobelPrize #NobelPeacePrize pic.twitter.com/KHeGG9YOTT

— The Nobel Prize (@NobelPrize) October 8, 2021

Dmitri Mouratov, 59 ans, colauréat du prix Nobel de la paix, est philologue de formation. Fondateur du journal russe Novaïa Gazeta en 1993, il est, depuis 1995, son rédacteur en chef. Il était également animateur d’émissions sociopolitiques à la télévision russe entre 1997 et 2000.

Le vainqueur a dédié son prix aux six journalistes de son journal “tués pour leur activité professionnelle” entre 2000 et 2009, dont Anna Politkovskaïa, écrivait Novaïa Gazeta dès l’annonce de la décision du comité Nobel. Sous la direction de Mouratov, Novaïa Gazeta a suivi “la guerre en Tchétchénie, les problèmes de corruption en Russie et dans le monde, les violations des droits de l’homme”, rappelle le titre, avant d’ajouter que ses journalistes sont soixante fois titulaires de différents prix professionnels, dont le prix Pulitzer.

Olav Njølstad, Secretary to the Norwegian Nobel Committee, calling @mariaressa minutes before announcing her and Dmitry Muratov as the 2021 Nobel Peace Prize laureates. #NobelPeacePrize @NobelPrize

📷: The Norwegian Nobel Institute pic.twitter.com/H8lKwPlvjo

— Nobel Peace Center (@NobelPeaceOslo) October 8, 2021

Dans un entretien accordé au site russe Podiom News, Mouratov a avoué qu’il “ne s’y attendait pas” et qu’avec ce prix Nobel les journalistes de sa rédaction vont “poursuivre [le combat] pour le journalisme russe qu’on tente de réprimer et aider les gens considérés comme des ‘agents de l’étranger’ et qu’on persécute”.

“En Russie, il existe du journalisme indépendant”

Le Kremlin a, pour sa part, félicité le journaliste, par l’intermédiaire du porte-parole du président Vladimir Poutine, comme le rapporte le journal Vzgliad : “Nous pouvons féliciter Dmitri Mouratov pour ce prix Nobel de la paix : il est fidèle à ses idéaux, talentueux et courageux.”

Alexeï Venediktov, rédacteur en chef de la chaîne radio anti-Kremlin Ekho Moskvy, a confié au journal moscovite Kommersant que ce prix représente “la reconnaissance du fait qu’en Russie liberté de la parole et journalisme indépendant existent”. Il a aussi rappelé qu’aux côtés de son activité professionnelle, Mouratov est impliqué dans l’aide aux enfants atteints de maladies rares, via la fondation Kroug Dobra (“Cercle de la bonté”) qu’il a contribué à cofonder en 2021.

Troisième Russe titulaire du prix

Mouratov est titulaire de six autres récompenses : l’ordre de l’Amitié et l’Ordre de l’honneur russes, un prix international pour la liberté de la presse et celui du Comité de la défense des journalistes, la Légion d’honneur française, l’Ordre de la Croix Sainte-Marie estonien et la Plume d’or de la liberté.

“C’est le troisième Russe lauréat du prix Nobel de la paix, après le physicien [pacifiste] Andreï Sakharov et le premier et dernier président de l’Union soviétique Mikhaïl Gorbatchev”, fait observer le site russe Lenta.

"Without media, you cannot have a strong democracy."

Following the announcement of this year's #NobelPeacePrize to journalists Maria Ressa and Dmitry Muratov we spoke to Berit Reiss-Andersen, Chair of the Norwegian Nobel Committee, about the prize.#NobelPrize pic.twitter.com/wPxlVCVsF4

— The Nobel Prize (@NobelPrize) October 8, 2021

Par Alda Engoian – courrierinternational.com+ World Opinions

L’article Vu de Russie.Qui est Dmitri Mouratov, Prix Nobel de la paix avec Maria Ressa ? est apparu en premier sur زوايا ميادين | Mayadin Columns.

Tanzanian novelist Abdulrazak Gurnah has said he was “surprised and humbled” to be awarded the 2021 Nobel Prize for Literature.

BREAKING NEWS:
The 2021 #NobelPrize in Literature is awarded to the novelist Abdulrazak Gurnah “for his uncompromising and compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fate of the refugee in the gulf between cultures and continents.” pic.twitter.com/zw2LBQSJ4j

— The Nobel Prize (@NobelPrize) October 7, 2021

The Swedish Academy praised Gurnah for his “uncompromising and compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism”.

The prize is awarded by the Swedish Academy and is worth 10 million Swedish crowns ($1.14m / £840,000).

Gurnah, 73, is the author of 10 novels, including Paradise and Desertion.

He said how grateful he was to the academy, adding: “It’s just great – its just a big prize, and such a huge list of wonderful writers – I am still taking it in.

“It was such a complete surprise that I really had to wait until I heard it announced before I could believe it.”

"The 2021 Nobel Prize in Literature is awarded to … "

See the very moment the world discovered who had been awarded this year's literature prize.

Watch the full announcement: https://t.co/m84ucblWAR pic.twitter.com/tUcT8nNQGg

— The Nobel Prize (@NobelPrize) October 7, 2021

‘Dedication to truth’

Paradise, published in 1994, told the story of a boy growing up in Tanzania in the early 20th Century and was nominated for the Booker Prize, marking his breakthrough as a novelist.

“The story is about growing up with a sense that there are things hidden from you.”

2021 literature laureate Abdulrazak Gurnah speaks about his novel 'Gravel Heart', and reads us an extract.

Take a look:https://t.co/B3Un7Gb6SG#NobelPrize

— The Nobel Prize (@NobelPrize) October 7, 2021

“Abdulrazak Gurnah’s dedication to truth and his aversion to simplification are striking,” the Nobel Committee for Literature said in a statement.

“His novels recoil from stereotypical descriptions and open our gaze to a culturally diversified East Africa unfamiliar to many in other parts of the world.”

“[His] characters find themselves in a hiatus between cultures and continents, between a life that was and a life emerging; it is an insecure state that can never be resolved.”

Born in Zanzibar in 1948, Gurnah arrived in England as a refugee in the late 1960s.

He was Professor of English and Postcolonial Literatures at the University of Kent, Canterbury, until his recent retirement.

Gurnah is the first black African author to have won the award since Wole Soyinka in 1986.

He said his award would mean issues such as the refugee crisis and colonialism, which he has experienced, will be “discussed”.

“These are things that are with us every day. People are dying, people are being hurt around the world – we must deal with these issues in the most kind way,” he said.

‘Much more violent’

“I came to England when these words, such as asylum-seeker, were not quite the same – more people are struggling and running from terror states.

“The world is much more violent than it was in the 1960s, so there is now greater pressure on the countries that are safe, they inevitably draw more people.”

In an interview in 2016, when asked if he would call himself an “author of postcolonial and/or world literature”, Gurnah replied: “I would not use any of those words. I wouldn’t call myself a something writer of any kind.

“In fact, I am not sure that I would call myself anything apart from my name. I guess, if somebody challenges me, that would be another way of saying, ‘Are you a… one of these…?’ I would probably say ‘no’. Precisely, I don’t want that part of me having a reductive name.”

The Nobel Prizes, which have been awarded since 1901, recognise achievement in literature, science, peace and latterly economics.

Past winners have included novelists such as Ernest Hemingway, Gabriel Garcia Marquez and Toni Morrison, poets such as Pablo Neruda, Joseph Brodsky and Rabindranath Tagore, and playwrights including Harold Pinter and Eugene O’Neill.

Last year’s award was won by American poet Louise Gluck.

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L’article Nobel Literature Prize 2021: Abdulrazak Gurnah named winner est apparu en premier sur زوايا ميادين | Mayadin Columns.

The Nobel Prize in Physics has gone to three scientists who sought to predict the long-term evolution of a complex system such as the climate by modelling variables — weather, human actions — that create disorder within those systems.

BREAKING NEWS:
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the 2021 #NobelPrize in Physics to Syukuro Manabe, Klaus Hasselmann and Giorgio Parisi “for groundbreaking contributions to our understanding of complex physical systems.” pic.twitter.com/At6ZeLmwa5

— The Nobel Prize (@NobelPrize) October 5, 2021

What is the link between the modelling of global warming, which earned Syukuro Manabe and Klaus Hasselmann half the prize, and the work of the third winner, Giorgio Parisi, who focused on the underlying disorder of matter?

All three study complex systems: large-scale climate or the behaviour of certain materials at an infinitely small scale. From the erratic fluctuations within these systems, the three physicists succeeded in teasing out simpler behaviours and reliable predictions.

Did you miss the announcement of the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physics earlier today?

Watch the very moment the prize was announced and see the full announcement at https://t.co/6cdrlGk1Si#NobelPrize pic.twitter.com/Gehb4dVkXK

— The Nobel Prize (@NobelPrize) October 5, 2021

“We recognised that emerging phenomena sometimes require us to look at all the individual complicated physical mechanisms and knit them together to make a prediction,” said Nobel Physics Committee member John Wettlaufer, on hand when the awards were announced in Stockholm on Tuesday.

Climate “is THE complex system par excellence,” said Freddy Bouchet, a physicist at France’s National Centre for Scientific Research.

A large number of variables, in other words, interact — atmosphere, oceans, soils, vegetation — rendering any reliable forecast beyond a few weeks elusive.

But alongside and within this observable chaos there are also clear trends that can be linked to well-identified causes, such as long-term global warming attributable to human activity.

Discover more about our 2021 physics laureate in this thread! #NobelPrize https://t.co/jntexwwCvt

— The Nobel Prize (@NobelPrize) October 5, 2021

– Hidden rules –

“In climate science, the random and the systematic overlap,” said Bouchet. “The mathematical tools developed by Klaus Hasselmann have made it possible to separate the two in order to better understand the evolution of climate.”

Being able to tease out patterns in what is random — the signal in the noise — is fundamental to understanding the evolution of extreme weather such as heat waves, storms and hurricanes.

The models developed by the Japanese-American Syukuro Manabe have succeeded in cracking the signature code of climate subsystems.

"It will take me a few days to answer all the phone calls that I had today."

Physics laureate Giorgio Parisi talks to us following the announcement of his #NobelPrize in Physics. pic.twitter.com/S2UrIMRzGy

— The Nobel Prize (@NobelPrize) October 5, 2021

“These are the first models which made it possible to calculate the effect of the increase in carbon dioxide of anthropogenic origin on global warming at the core of contemporary climate models”, Bouchet said.

Giorgio Parisi, for his part, made a major contribution to the theory of these complex systems by revealing the hidden rules that govern them.

“I started to lay the foundations of this science — which did not exist at the beginning of the 1980s — by studying nature through mathematics”, the Italian researcher told Corriere della Sera newspaper earlier this year.

It is a science that allows us, for example, to explain the changing form of a cloud of starlings in flight.

Parisi provided the mathematical tools to understand how random processes can play a decisive role in the development of large structures, such as those governing climate.

Today, they are applied in biology, neuroscience and artificial intelligence.

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L’article Physics Nobel: deciphering climate disorder to better predict it.. Video est apparu en premier sur زوايا ميادين | Mayadin Columns.