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	<title>Archives des Covid vaccine - زوايا ميادين | Mayadin Columns</title>
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	<title>Archives des Covid vaccine - زوايا ميادين | Mayadin Columns</title>
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		<title>India Covid: Delhi running out of space for cremations</title>
		<link>https://opinions-mayadin.com/india-covid-delhi-running-out-of-space-for-cremations/3729/</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 30 Apr 2021 20:49:46 +0000</pubDate>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>Officials in Delhi have been urged to find more sites for cremations as the city's morgues and crematoriums are overwhelmed by masses of Covid deaths.</p>
<p>L’article <a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com/india-covid-delhi-running-out-of-space-for-cremations/3729/">India Covid: Delhi running out of space for cremations</a> est apparu en premier sur <a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com">زوايا ميادين | Mayadin Columns</a>.</p>
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<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/118265007_gettyimages-1232599198.jpg"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="976" height="549" src="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/118265007_gettyimages-1232599198.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-3730" srcset="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/118265007_gettyimages-1232599198.jpg 976w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/118265007_gettyimages-1232599198-300x169.jpg 300w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/118265007_gettyimages-1232599198-768x432.jpg 768w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/118265007_gettyimages-1232599198-24x14.jpg 24w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/118265007_gettyimages-1232599198-36x20.jpg 36w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/118265007_gettyimages-1232599198-48x27.jpg 48w" sizes="(max-width: 976px) 100vw, 976px" /></a></figure>



<p class="has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Officials in Delhi have been urged to find more sites for cremations as the city&#8217;s morgues and crematoriums are overwhelmed by masses of Covid deaths.</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">A second wave of the virus is ravaging parts of India, with 386,452 new cases reported on Friday &#8211; the biggest one-day increase on record for any country.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">There were another 3,500 deaths nationwide and nearly 400 in Delhi &#8211; a record for the capital.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The total number of infections in the country has now passed 18 million.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The first consignment of emergency medical supplies from the US arrived on Friday, part of what the White House has said will be more than $100m (£72m) worth of support.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">But oxygen supplies and hospital beds remain in desperately short supply across India, with relatives of Covid patients pleading on social media for help.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">One senior Delhi police officer said that people were having to cremate family members in crematoriums not designated to take victims of Covid-19.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">&#8220;That&#8217;s why we suggested more crematoriums should be set up,&#8221; the officer told the NDTV news channel.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">India&#8217;s Health Ministry released detailed guidelines last year for the handling and cremation of people who have died of Covid, with special measures needing to be taken to avoid any potential reinfection.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">India&#8217;s central government is facing mounting criticism over its handling of the pandemic and its decision to allow large election rallies and religious festivals to go ahead in recent weeks.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">On Friday, the country&#8217;s Supreme Court defended the rights of citizens to express grievances and appeal for help on social media during the current coronavirus crisis, warning actions by the authorities to stop people doing so would be treated as contempt of court.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">It comes after <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-56883483" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Twitter was asked to remove a number of posts</a> which were critical of the government earlier this week.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The health minister defended the government on Thursday, saying the country&#8217;s fatality rate was the lowest in the world and that oxygen supplies were &#8220;adequate&#8221;.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Harsh Vardhan told ANI news agency that oxygen was now &#8220;being made available from many sources&#8221;, including from abroad, and that storage and cryogenic tankers were also being prepared.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">A US military plane landed in Delhi on Friday morning, loaded with almost one million rapid Covid tests and 100,000 N95 masks. The White House has said it will donate 15 million N95 masks in total.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Jeremy Konyndyk, the executive director of the Covid task force at the US Agency for International Development, told AFP news agency that their first priority was to address India&#8217;s most &#8220;immediate needs&#8221;.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The UK also donated ventilators to India earlier this week.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">However, many experts in India say more is needed. On Tuesday, Mumbai-based Dr Zarir Udwadia told the BBC that the aid being offered was &#8220;a drop in an ocean&#8221;.</p>



<h3 class="has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color wp-block-heading">What is the latest with vaccinations?</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">On Saturday, all adults above the age of 18 in India will become eligible for vaccination, but there are widespread concerns about the availability of shots. India is the world&#8217;s biggest producer of vaccines but does not have enough stock for the estimated 800 million people who will become eligible.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">So far, fewer than 10% of people in India have had a Covid vaccination.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">A number of states are reporting shortages of the vaccine. On Thursday, Delhi&#8217;s health minister Satyendar Jain said the capital had run out of doses, and that they were waiting for fresh supplies from private companies.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">India&#8217;s financial capital, Mumbai, home to more than 20 million people, has suspended its vaccination drive for three days due to &#8220;depletion of available vaccines&#8221;, the local authority said in a statement.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The municipal commissioner of Mumbai, Ashwini Bhide, said on Twitter that the city would reserve current stocks for people aged over 45 years old.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">This could lead to another crisis. On 1 May, another 40 million people will already be in the queue for their second dose. For the vaccines being administered in India, it is currently recommended that people get their second dose four to eight weeks after the first.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/118265007_gettyimages-1232599198.jpg"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="976" height="549" src="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/118265007_gettyimages-1232599198.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-3730" srcset="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/118265007_gettyimages-1232599198.jpg 976w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/118265007_gettyimages-1232599198-300x169.jpg 300w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/118265007_gettyimages-1232599198-768x432.jpg 768w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/118265007_gettyimages-1232599198-24x14.jpg 24w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/118265007_gettyimages-1232599198-36x20.jpg 36w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/118265007_gettyimages-1232599198-48x27.jpg 48w" sizes="(max-width: 976px) 100vw, 976px" /></a></figure>



<p class="has-text-align-center has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph"><strong>World Opinions News <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-56939011" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">&#8211; bbc.com</a></strong></p>
<p>L’article <a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com/india-covid-delhi-running-out-of-space-for-cremations/3729/">India Covid: Delhi running out of space for cremations</a> est apparu en premier sur <a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com">زوايا ميادين | Mayadin Columns</a>.</p>
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		<title>China’s vaccine diplomacy stumbles in Southeast Asia</title>
		<link>https://opinions-mayadin.com/chinas-vaccine-diplomacy-stumbles-in-southeast-asia/3553/</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 08 Apr 2021 19:23:03 +0000</pubDate>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>In May last year, at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese President Xi Jinping declared that his country would soon provide safe and effective vaccines as a “global public good”, especially to the developing world.</p>
<p>L’article <a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com/chinas-vaccine-diplomacy-stumbles-in-southeast-asia/3553/">China’s vaccine diplomacy stumbles in Southeast Asia</a> est apparu en premier sur <a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com">زوايا ميادين | Mayadin Columns</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/AP_21059768904112.png"><img decoding="async" width="770" height="513" src="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/AP_21059768904112.png" alt="" class="wp-image-3554" srcset="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/AP_21059768904112.png 770w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/AP_21059768904112-300x200.png 300w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/AP_21059768904112-768x512.png 768w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/AP_21059768904112-24x16.png 24w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/AP_21059768904112-36x24.png 36w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/AP_21059768904112-48x32.png 48w" sizes="(max-width: 770px) 100vw, 770px" /></a></figure>



<h3 class="has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color wp-block-heading"><strong>In May last year, at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese President Xi Jinping declared that his country would soon provide safe and effective vaccines as a “global public good”, especially to the developing world.</strong></h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">To this end, the Chinese leader launched a massive state-backed campaign, allocating large amounts of subsidies and corralling up to 22 firms and research institutes to work on as many as 17 vaccine projects.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">Some leaders in China’s immediate neighbourhood felt reassured by Xi’s rhetoric and hoped to capitalise on good relations with Beijing to acquire vaccines early on. In July, the Philippines’ President Rodrigo Duterte declared that his country would be “back to normal” by December, thanks to Chinese assistance.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">Despite big funds and high hopes invested in the Chinese vaccine drive, it has not been the major success it was expected to be, at least in Southeast Asia. Chinese-developed vaccines have been met with significant scepticism in the region due to questions about their distribution, effectiveness and pricing, as well as potential “strings attached”.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">As other major powers are catching up with vaccine production and making concrete steps towards provision for developing nations, China’s vaccine diplomacy in Southeast Asia and beyond may soon face formidable challengers.</p>



<h3 class="has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color wp-block-heading">The ‘Health Silk Road’</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">Witnessing an uptick in anti-China sentiment shortly after the COVID-19 outbreak, Beijing began presenting itself as an unlikely saviour of humanity, especially for poorer nations with limited ability to contain major public health crises.PUBLICITÉ</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">After its initial success delivering personal protective equipment and test kits across the world, it took on the task of developing COVID-19 vaccines. Last year, trials of Chinese vaccines were launched in 18 countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America. The Southeast’s largest nation, Indonesia, became a major hub for Chinese clinical trials, involving several Chinese pharmaceutical companies.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">Buoyed by the outpouring of gratitude from Europe to Asia, China touted its overseas aid as a new “Health Silk Road”, part of its much-vaunted Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) investments across the world. Chinese officials said participating BRI nations&nbsp;were a top priority&nbsp;for provision of vaccines, both free and subsidised.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">A year into the pandemic, China&nbsp;announced&nbsp;that it is providing free vaccines to 69 countries across the developing world and commercially exporting to 28 others.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">Apart from helping mend its global image after it was blamed for the COVID-19 outbreak, Beijing’s medical drive also has an important economic aspect. Up until 2019, China played a minimal role in the global pharmaceutical industry, contributing&nbsp;less than 2 percent of medical goods procured by the United Nations.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">By contrast, neighbouring India was responsible for 22 percent of such procurement and for 60 percent of global vaccine exports. Now, Chinese COVID-19 vaccines are set to increase the country’s global market share and, according to some estimates, bring more than $10bn in sales.</p>



<p class="has-white-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph"><em>Delays and concerns about the efficacy and politics of China’s vaccine shipments plague its vaccine drive in the region.</em></p>



<h3 class="has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color wp-block-heading">Delays and doubts</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">As China rolled out its vaccines, Indonesia, the de facto leader of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), was among the first to receive the Sinovac vaccine. In early December, 1.2 million doses arrived, followed by 1.8 million by the end of the month. In January, Indonesia’s state-owned Bio Farma started producing the Chinese vaccine with materials sent from China.PUBLICITÉ</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">But in the rest of the region, shipments were delayed and were much smaller. Cambodia and Laos received 600,000 and 300,000 doses respectively in early February, while Thailand got 200,000 doses two weeks later. The Philippines received 600,000 doses at the end of the month – much later than Duterte had hoped.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">Although China pledged to provide 300,000 doses to Myanmar, it still has not delivered; instead, the country received its first vaccine shipment of 1.5 million doses from India in January.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">Chinese vaccine makers – like their Western counterparts – have suffered serious production delays and lack of capacity. In January, Sinovac production levels reached only half of the intended manufacturing capacity, raising doubts as to whether other, less-established Chinese companies will be in a position to meet demand.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">Vaccines exports could also be hampered by China’s need to prioritise the mass vaccination of its one-billion-strong population, a major feat that may not&nbsp;be accomplished&nbsp;until the middle of next year.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">An even greater source of concern is the efficacy of Chinese vaccines. International criticism has focused on the Chinese companies’ lack of transparency over results from the final phase of clinical trials. Clinical trials overseas have shown that Sinovac’s efficacy rate may be low as 50.4 percent, well below its competitors, which boast rates as high as 90 percent.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">It is quite telling that even the staunchly pro-Beijing Philippine president and his health secretary have not taken a Chinese vaccine. Some medical experts, including a former top government adviser, have openly questioned the government’s reliance on the Chinese jab and demanded that it undergoes another appraisal by the health authorities.PUBLICITÉ</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">Meanwhile, a recent investigation by the Philippines’ Senate revealed that the country may be paying more for Chinese vaccines than some of its neighbours. Concerns about the politics of Chinese vaccine shipments were also raised as China escalated its aggressive behaviour in the South China Sea in March while sending another shipment.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">Neighbouring Vietnam, which like the Philippines has maritime disputes with China, has rejected Chinese-made vaccines altogether.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:15px">Some of China’s close allies in the region are also not putting all their eggs in one basket. Cambodia invested first in 1 million doses through the UN-backed COVAX scheme, while Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand have also been actively diversifying their vaccine supply by reaching out to alternative sources in the US, Europe, India and Russia. As for ethnically Chinese-majority Singapore, it is largely relying on vaccines from established pharmaceutical companies in the West.</p>



<h3 class="has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color wp-block-heading">Vaccine competition</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">Over the coming months, China’s initial advantage in vaccine diplomacy will likely disappear, as other major players step up. The Biden administration, for instance, has reversed its predecessor’s “America First” approach by reinstating assistance to the World Health Organization, as well as doubling down on its commitment to support the UN’s COVAX scheme, which aims to provide up to 2 billion doses to the poorest nations.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">Together with Australia, India and Japan, the US has recently launched a new initiative&nbsp;under the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue, better known as the “Quad” grouping,&nbsp;for&nbsp;joint production&nbsp;of up to 1 billion doses intended for Southeast Asian nations.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">Having come under heavy criticism for their vaccine hoarding in recent months, European countries are also expected to augment their contribution to the COVAX and similar universal vaccine initiatives. Another major vaccine manufacturing rival to China is Russia, which has shown greater transparency in clinical trials of the Sputnik V vaccines and enjoys relatively higher trust.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">All of these initiatives will likely challenge China’s ability to leverage vaccine provision in Southeast Asia and beyond. Thus, what initially looked like a resounding Chinese triumph in “vaccine diplomacy” may turn out to be less of a success than Beijing had hoped for.</p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-large"><a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/2e65e149b4d74133a188384f26387f46_6.png"><img decoding="async" width="610" height="399" src="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/2e65e149b4d74133a188384f26387f46_6.png" alt="" class="wp-image-3555" srcset="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/2e65e149b4d74133a188384f26387f46_6.png 610w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/2e65e149b4d74133a188384f26387f46_6-300x196.png 300w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/2e65e149b4d74133a188384f26387f46_6-24x16.png 24w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/2e65e149b4d74133a188384f26387f46_6-36x24.png 36w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/2e65e149b4d74133a188384f26387f46_6-48x31.png 48w" sizes="(max-width: 610px) 100vw, 610px" /></a></figure></div>



<p class="has-text-align-center has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px"><a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/author/richard_javad_heydarian_201431153055179390"></a><a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/author/richard_javad_heydarian_201431153055179390" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Richard Javad Heydarian</a>  is a specialist in Asian geopolitical and economic affairs.</p>



<p class="has-text-align-center has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px"><strong><a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2021/4/5/chinas-vaccine-diplomacy-stumbles-in-southeast-asia" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Aljazzera.com</a></strong></p>
<p>L’article <a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com/chinas-vaccine-diplomacy-stumbles-in-southeast-asia/3553/">China’s vaccine diplomacy stumbles in Southeast Asia</a> est apparu en premier sur <a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com">زوايا ميادين | Mayadin Columns</a>.</p>
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		<title>En Allemagne, comment Marburg est devenue « BioNTech City »</title>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 22 Mar 2021 15:16:27 +0000</pubDate>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>Elle accueille le plus important des trois centres de fabrication du vaccin Pfizer-BioNtech en Allemagne, qui doit produire 250 millions de doses au cours du premier semestre, 750 millions d’ici à un an.</p>
<p>L’article <a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com/en-allemagne-comment-marburg-est-devenue-biontech-city/3429/">En Allemagne, comment Marburg est devenue « BioNTech City »</a> est apparu en premier sur <a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com">زوايا ميادين | Mayadin Columns</a>.</p>
]]></description>
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<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-large"><a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/f2497ee_902112193-marburg-lemonde-arnepiepke-fullres-35.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="600" height="390" src="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/f2497ee_902112193-marburg-lemonde-arnepiepke-fullres-35.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-3430" srcset="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/f2497ee_902112193-marburg-lemonde-arnepiepke-fullres-35.jpg 600w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/f2497ee_902112193-marburg-lemonde-arnepiepke-fullres-35-300x195.jpg 300w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/f2497ee_902112193-marburg-lemonde-arnepiepke-fullres-35-24x16.jpg 24w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/f2497ee_902112193-marburg-lemonde-arnepiepke-fullres-35-36x23.jpg 36w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/f2497ee_902112193-marburg-lemonde-arnepiepke-fullres-35-48x31.jpg 48w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /></a></figure></div>



<h3 class="has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color wp-block-heading">Elle accueille le plus important des trois centres de fabrication du vaccin Pfizer-BioNtech en Allemagne, qui doit produire 250&nbsp;millions de doses au cours du premier semestre, 750&nbsp;millions d’ici à un an.</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">De grandes tentes en plastique sur un vaste parking à moitié vide. En ce mercredi de mars, il n’y a pas foule devant le centre de vaccination de Marburg. Environ 700 personnes auront reçu une injection ce jour-là.&nbsp;<em>«&nbsp;Quand il y aura assez de vaccins, on pourra accueillir jusqu’à 1&nbsp;260 personnes par jour&nbsp;»,</em>&nbsp;explique un responsable.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">A 4 kilomètres de là, au détour d’une petite route de campagne. Des grilles. Des vigiles. Pas question d’entrer. Pas moyen non plus d’engager la discussion avec ceux qui travaillent ici, auxquels la consigne a été donnée de ne pas parler à la presse. Ce que renferme ce lieu si secret ? Le plus important des trois centres de fabrication du vaccin Pfizer-BioNTech en Allemagne. Entré en service mi-février, il doit produire 250 millions de doses au cours du premier semestre, 750 millions d’ici à un an.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/f2497ee_902112193-marburg-lemonde-arnepiepke-fullres-35.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="600" height="390" src="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/f2497ee_902112193-marburg-lemonde-arnepiepke-fullres-35.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-3430" srcset="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/f2497ee_902112193-marburg-lemonde-arnepiepke-fullres-35.jpg 600w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/f2497ee_902112193-marburg-lemonde-arnepiepke-fullres-35-300x195.jpg 300w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/f2497ee_902112193-marburg-lemonde-arnepiepke-fullres-35-24x16.jpg 24w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/f2497ee_902112193-marburg-lemonde-arnepiepke-fullres-35-36x23.jpg 36w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/f2497ee_902112193-marburg-lemonde-arnepiepke-fullres-35-48x31.jpg 48w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /></a></figure>



<p class="has-text-align-center has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Par Thomas Wieder / <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/planete/article/2021/03/22/comment-marburg-est-devenue-biontech-city_6074036_3244.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Le Monde </a></p>
<p>L’article <a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com/en-allemagne-comment-marburg-est-devenue-biontech-city/3429/">En Allemagne, comment Marburg est devenue « BioNTech City »</a> est apparu en premier sur <a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com">زوايا ميادين | Mayadin Columns</a>.</p>
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		<title>Germany, France, Italy and Spain halt use of AstraZeneca vaccine</title>
		<link>https://opinions-mayadin.com/germany-france-italy-and-spain-halt-use-of-astrazeneca-vaccine/3372/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[admin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 15 Mar 2021 21:54:02 +0000</pubDate>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://opinions-mayadin.com/?p=3372</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Suspensions follow reports that some people developed blood clots after receiving the shot, but the WHO and the EMA say they have seen no evidence of a link.</p>
<p>L’article <a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com/germany-france-italy-and-spain-halt-use-of-astrazeneca-vaccine/3372/">Germany, France, Italy and Spain halt use of AstraZeneca vaccine</a> est apparu en premier sur <a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com">زوايا ميادين | Mayadin Columns</a>.</p>
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<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/CORONAVIRUS-BELGIUM-ASTRAZENECA.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="770" height="513" src="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/CORONAVIRUS-BELGIUM-ASTRAZENECA.png" alt="" class="wp-image-3373" srcset="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/CORONAVIRUS-BELGIUM-ASTRAZENECA.png 770w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/CORONAVIRUS-BELGIUM-ASTRAZENECA-300x200.png 300w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/CORONAVIRUS-BELGIUM-ASTRAZENECA-768x512.png 768w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/CORONAVIRUS-BELGIUM-ASTRAZENECA-24x16.png 24w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/CORONAVIRUS-BELGIUM-ASTRAZENECA-36x24.png 36w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/CORONAVIRUS-BELGIUM-ASTRAZENECA-48x32.png 48w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 770px) 100vw, 770px" /></a></figure>



<h3 class="has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color wp-block-heading"><em>Suspensions follow reports that some people developed blood clots after receiving the shot, but the WHO and the EMA say they have seen no evidence of a link.</em></h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">Germany, France, Italy and Spain have suspended the use of AstraZeneca’s COVID-19 vaccine after several reports of blood clots in people who received the shot in Europe.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">The flurry of suspensions on Monday came after a number of other countries, mostly in Europe, halted their rollouts late last week.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">The World Health Organization (WHO) has backed the use of the vaccine and said it has seen no evidence that the shot had caused clotting.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">The UN health agency is reviewing the reports related to shot and urged countries not to suspend vaccinations, as its top scientist said people should not panic.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">The European Medicines Agency (EMA) said in a statement that it has not found any evidence of links between reported thrombosis cases and the AstraZeneca shot, saying that the shot’s benefits outweigh the risks and was safe to use. The regulator is reviewing the shot and will issue a decision on any further action on Thursday, it said.</p>



<h3 class="has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color wp-block-heading">EU members halt shots</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">German Health Minister Jens Spahn said the country suspended the use of the shot on the advice of the national vaccine regulator, the Paul Ehrlich Institute.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">The institute had called for further investigation into seven reported cases of clots in the brains of people who had received this vaccination.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">“Today’s decision is a purely precautionary measure,” Spahn said.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">France and Italy announced similar moves shortly afterwards.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">French President Emmanuel Macron said the use of the AstraZeneca shot would be suspended as a precautionary measure until at least Tuesday afternoon when the European Union’s medicines regulator – the EMA – will issue its recommendation over the vaccine.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">Macron did not elaborate on the reasoning behind the decision, but told a news conference he hoped France would be able to vaccinate with AstraZeneca shots again “soon”.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">Italy’s medicines authority AIFA meanwhile said it was implementing its own suspension as a “precautionary and temporary measure” pending rulings by the EMA.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">The announcement followed the seizure of hundreds of thousands of doses of the vaccine by Italian prosecutors in the northern region of Piedmont, where a teacher died following his vaccination.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">Experts are investigating whether there is a connection between his death and the vaccination.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">Late on Monday, Spain’s Health Minister Carolina Darias said the country was suspending its use of the vaccine for two weeks as a “precaution”.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">She said the decision would remain in place until the EMA “analyses the recent incidences of blood clots, notably over the weekend”.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">AstraZeneca has said there is no cause for concern with its vaccine, which is jointly produced with the United Kingdom’s University of Oxford, and that there were fewer reported thrombosis cases in those who received the shot than in the general population.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">Peter Drobac of Oxford University told Al Jazeera the AstraZeneca vaccine went through “rigorous clinical trials” and blood clots were not identified as a problem.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">“The safety pause, I think it is certainly the prerogative of the regulators in these countries. However we have heard from the World Health Organization, the European Medicines Agency and others, that at this point the benefits of vaccination clearly outweigh the risks,” Drobac said.</p>



<h3 class="has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color wp-block-heading">WHO urges calm</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">The EMA and the WHO also said available data does not suggest the vaccine caused the clots and people should continue to be immunised with the shot.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">The WHO on Monday called on countries not to suspend vaccinations against a disease that has caused more than 2.7 million deaths worldwide. The UN health agency’s top scientist reiterated that there have been no documented deaths linked to COVID-19 vaccines.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">“We do not want people to panic,” Soumya Swaminathan said, adding there has been no association, so far, pinpointed between so-called “thromboembolic events” reported in some countries and COVID-19 shots.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">The reassurances appear to have done little to calm doubts, however, with several countries having now temporarily halted the use of the AstraZeneca vaccine in recent days.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">Denmark, Norway, Ireland, the Netherlands, Iceland, Bulgaria, Portugal and Slovenia were among those to suspend the use of the shot.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/CORONAVIRUS-BELGIUM-ASTRAZENECA.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="770" height="513" src="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/CORONAVIRUS-BELGIUM-ASTRAZENECA.png" alt="" class="wp-image-3373" srcset="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/CORONAVIRUS-BELGIUM-ASTRAZENECA.png 770w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/CORONAVIRUS-BELGIUM-ASTRAZENECA-300x200.png 300w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/CORONAVIRUS-BELGIUM-ASTRAZENECA-768x512.png 768w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/CORONAVIRUS-BELGIUM-ASTRAZENECA-24x16.png 24w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/CORONAVIRUS-BELGIUM-ASTRAZENECA-36x24.png 36w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/CORONAVIRUS-BELGIUM-ASTRAZENECA-48x32.png 48w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 770px) 100vw, 770px" /></a></figure>



<p class="has-text-align-center has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">SOURCE : AL JAZEERA AND NEWS AGENCIES</p>
<p>L’article <a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com/germany-france-italy-and-spain-halt-use-of-astrazeneca-vaccine/3372/">Germany, France, Italy and Spain halt use of AstraZeneca vaccine</a> est apparu en premier sur <a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com">زوايا ميادين | Mayadin Columns</a>.</p>
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		<title>A call for global vaccine justice</title>
		<link>https://opinions-mayadin.com/a-call-for-global-vaccine-justice/3158/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[admin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 25 Feb 2021 20:19:41 +0000</pubDate>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>The global COVID-19 vaccine roll-out is creating a “vaccine apartheid”. As of February 24, approximately 216 million people have been vaccinated against COVID-19 globally. Only 8.4 percent of these are in low and lower-middle-income countries, which are home to nearly half of the world’s population.</p>
<p>L’article <a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com/a-call-for-global-vaccine-justice/3158/">A call for global vaccine justice</a> est apparu en premier sur <a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com">زوايا ميادين | Mayadin Columns</a>.</p>
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<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/HEALTH-CORONAVIRUS-BRITAIN-VACCINE.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="770" height="513" src="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/HEALTH-CORONAVIRUS-BRITAIN-VACCINE.png" alt="" class="wp-image-3159" srcset="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/HEALTH-CORONAVIRUS-BRITAIN-VACCINE.png 770w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/HEALTH-CORONAVIRUS-BRITAIN-VACCINE-300x200.png 300w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/HEALTH-CORONAVIRUS-BRITAIN-VACCINE-768x512.png 768w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/HEALTH-CORONAVIRUS-BRITAIN-VACCINE-24x16.png 24w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/HEALTH-CORONAVIRUS-BRITAIN-VACCINE-36x24.png 36w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/HEALTH-CORONAVIRUS-BRITAIN-VACCINE-48x32.png 48w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 770px) 100vw, 770px" /></a></figure>



<h3 class="has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color wp-block-heading">The global COVID-19 vaccine roll-out is creating a “vaccine apartheid”. As of February 24, approximately 216 million people have been vaccinated against COVID-19 globally. Only 8.4 percent of these are in low and lower-middle-income countries, which are home to nearly half of the world’s population.</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">If this trend continues, young and healthy individuals in wealthy countries will be vaccinated while older and vulnerable people in poorer countries continue to die, needlessly.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">Wealthy countries have focused almost exclusively on securing vaccines for their own populations instead of investing in cooperative initiatives – such as the Access to COVID-19 Tools (ACT) (and its vaccine pillar COVAX) – that would fairly distribute vaccines to high-risk people in every country across the globe. In the process, they are hoarding limited supplies (with Canada, for example, securing nearly 10 doses per capita), raising vaccine prices, and squeezing lower-income countries out of the vaccination race. South Africa paid double what the European Union did for the AstraZeneca vaccine.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">Most wealthy countries will fully vaccinate their population this year, while lower-income countries may not achieve mass immunisation until 2024. If this vaccine nationalism continues, the poorest in the world will be pushed into more disease, poverty and death.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">Vaccine nationalism is also self-defeating. As wealthy countries roll out domestic vaccination plans, emerging COVID-19 variants threaten their success: recent data suggest that several vaccines currently in use may provide reduced efficacy against new variants.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">As long as SARS-CoV-2 continues to circulate in poorer countries, wealthy countries are vulnerable, even with their vaccination shields. Their economies are also at risk. The International Chamber of Commerce predicts that if poorer countries are not given equitable access to vaccines, the global economy may lose as much as $9.2 trillion, approximately half of which would fall on advanced economies. By comparison, funding the ACT accelerator requires only $22.9bn.</p>



<p class="has-white-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px"><em>Only a truly global vaccination strategy can ensure equal value is placed on the lives of the rich and the poor.</em></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">A global vaccination strategy is both cheaper and safer. It is also a moral imperative – only a truly global vaccination strategy can ensure equal value is placed on the lives of the rich and the poor.</p>



<h3 class="has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color wp-block-heading">Towards this end, we must take three urgent steps:</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">First, high-income countries should support transfers of relevant technologies and intellectual property (IP) to enable other countries to scale up vaccine production.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">In 2020, South Africa and India submitted a proposal to the World Trade Organization (WTO) to temporarily waive certain provisions of the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Agreement (TRIPS) for COVID-19-related technologies.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">The waiver was supported by nearly 100 countries, but was nonetheless spiked by the European Union, United States, United Kingdom, Japan and several other countries that host large pharmaceutical industries. Policymakers in wealthy countries argue that IP is not a true barrier to vaccine access and that existing TRIPS flexibilities are sufficient.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">But IP has already become a barrier: South Africa faced challenges in accessing reagents for COVID-19 testing due to IP rules. What is more, the US,&nbsp;EU,&nbsp;and&nbsp;Switzerland have historically undermined the use of TRIPS flexibilities in order to protect pharma profits.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">IP waivers and technology transfers will not lead to immediate inoculation in lower-income countries, but they will facilitate international collaboration and remove real barriers to local vaccine production. The TRIPS waiver will be reconsidered by the WTO in March, and wealthy countries should support it.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">Second, high-income countries should deploy a proportion (eg 10 percent or more) of their vaccine supply for global allocation directly through COVAX (they currently hold about 56 percent of the world’s COVID-19 vaccine supply but make up only 16 percent of the global population).</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">Although sending doses abroad may delay their domestic vaccine roll-out, doing so will contribute to global herd immunity, which is in everyone’s interest. Norway committed to such a path last month. As wealthy nations begin to scale vaccine production, an incrementally larger fraction of their vaccines should be deployed to poorer countries.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">Third, high-income countries should cover the entire $22.9bn funding gap of the ACT accelerator. This funding is necessary for COVAX to achieve its intended population coverage in the coming years. Some lower-income countries will utilise doses from COVAX as they secure purchases from vaccine manufacturers. Others may rely entirely on COVAX to achieve herd immunity.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">COVAX is important, and it needs full support, but even at its most ambitious it will be too slow (it aims to vaccinate&nbsp;20 percent&nbsp;of the population of lower-income countries by the end of the year), and it does not address the underlying structural problems that give rise to vaccine apartheid. We&nbsp;should not be distracted from the more important objective of&nbsp;establishing&nbsp;that all people have equal rights to public health medicines – not just for this crisis, but permanently. This is not a matter of charity, it is a matter of justice.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:17px">The COVID-19 pandemic will likely define how countries operate in global health for the coming decades. Vaccine apartheid is merely the latest manifestation of a colonial logic of othering and oppression that began centuries ago. Reparative justice demands undoing these legacies – and a commitment to vaccine equality can mark the start.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/HEALTH-CORONAVIRUS-BRITAIN-VACCINE.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="770" height="513" src="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/HEALTH-CORONAVIRUS-BRITAIN-VACCINE.png" alt="" class="wp-image-3159" srcset="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/HEALTH-CORONAVIRUS-BRITAIN-VACCINE.png 770w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/HEALTH-CORONAVIRUS-BRITAIN-VACCINE-300x200.png 300w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/HEALTH-CORONAVIRUS-BRITAIN-VACCINE-768x512.png 768w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/HEALTH-CORONAVIRUS-BRITAIN-VACCINE-24x16.png 24w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/HEALTH-CORONAVIRUS-BRITAIN-VACCINE-36x24.png 36w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/HEALTH-CORONAVIRUS-BRITAIN-VACCINE-48x32.png 48w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 770px) 100vw, 770px" /></a></figure>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li><a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/author/parsa-erfani"></a><a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/author/parsa-erfani" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Parsa Erfani</a> Fogarty Scholar at Harvard and the University of Global Health Equity.</li><li><a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/author/eugene-richardson"></a><a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/author/eugene-richardson" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Eugene Richardson</a> Physician anthropologist and Assistant Professor of Global Health and Social Medicine at Harvard.Dr Eugene Richardson is a physician anthropologist and Assistant Professor of Global Health and Social Medicine at Harvard. His most recent book is “Epidemic Illusions: On the Coloniality of Global Public Health.”</li><li><a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/author/jason_hickel_201232785251730700"></a><a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/author/jason_hickel_201232785251730700" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Jason Hickel</a> Academic at the University of London and Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts.Dr Jason Hickel is an academic at the University of London and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts. His most recent book is &#8220;The Divide: A Brief Guide to Global Inequality and its Solutions,&#8221; published by Penguin in May 2017.</li></ul>
<p>L’article <a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com/a-call-for-global-vaccine-justice/3158/">A call for global vaccine justice</a> est apparu en premier sur <a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com">زوايا ميادين | Mayadin Columns</a>.</p>
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		<title>Afrique du Sud : vous avez dit casse-tête vaccinal ?</title>
		<link>https://opinions-mayadin.com/afrique-du-sud-vous-avez-dit-casse-tete-vaccinal/2952/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[admin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 10 Feb 2021 20:42:13 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Non classé]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Afrique]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Afrique du Sud]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Coronavirus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Covid vaccine]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Inquiétude]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>INQUIÉTUDE. Après avoir choisi le vaccin Johnson &#038; Johnson, l’Afrique du Sud se dit prête à revendre ses doses d’AstraZeneca, retardant un peu plus sa campagne.</p>
<p>L’article <a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com/afrique-du-sud-vous-avez-dit-casse-tete-vaccinal/2952/">Afrique du Sud : vous avez dit casse-tête vaccinal ?</a> est apparu en premier sur <a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com">زوايا ميادين | Mayadin Columns</a>.</p>
]]></description>
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<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/21327232.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="660" height="396" src="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/21327232.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-2953" srcset="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/21327232.jpg 660w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/21327232-300x180.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px" /></a></figure>



<p class="has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:22px"><strong>INQUIÉTUDE. Après avoir choisi le vaccin Johnson &amp; Johnson, l’Afrique du Sud se dit prête à revendre ses doses d’AstraZeneca, retardant un peu plus sa campagne.</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Une semaine après avoir reçu en grande pompe son premier million de doses de vaccin d&#8217;AstraZeneca contre le Covid-19, le gouvernement sud-africain vient de suspendre temporairement le déploiement de son programme de vaccination avant même qu’il ne débute.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px"> En effet, le vaccin à vecteur viral, développé par le laboratoire britannique AstraZeneca et l’université d’Oxford, a connu des déboires ces dernières semaines, son efficacité ayant été mise en cause pour les personnes âgées de plus de 65 ans et dans les pays où les variants sont présents. Ce qui est malheureusement le cas de l’Afrique du Sud, très touchée. Du coup, le gouvernement s’est dit prêt, mercredi, à revendre ou à échanger un million de doses du vaccin AstraZeneca, au profit de celui de Johnson &amp; Johnson.</p>



<h3 class="has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color wp-block-heading">Changement de stratégie</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Dimanche, les autorités avaient suspendu le programme de vaccination qui devait débuter dans les jours suivants avec le vaccin AstraZeneca/Oxford, après une étude révélant notamment une efficacité « limitée » contre le nouveau variant sud-africain du virus, baptisé 501Y.V2. </p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Selon les premiers résultats de cette étude de l&#8217;université sud-africaine du Witwatersrand à Johannesburg, le vaccin d&#8217;AstraZeneca/Oxford est efficace à seulement 22 % contre les formes modérées du variant sud-africain. Aucun résultat n&#8217;est encore disponible sur son efficacité contre les formes graves.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Mercredi, le ministre sud-africain de la Santé, Zweli Mkhize, a annoncé qu&#8217;« étant donné les résultats des études d’efficacité, [le gouvernement] poursuivra la première phase de vaccination prévue en utilisant les vaccins Johnson &amp; Johnson au lieu du vaccin AstraZeneca ». « L’efficacité du vaccin Johnson &amp; Johnson contre le variant 501Y.V2 a été prouvée », a-t-il souligné, sans préciser la date de lancement de la campagne. </p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Le gouvernement d&#8217;Afrique du Sud, pays africain le plus durement frappé par le coronavirus, s&#8217;est fixé pour objectif de vacciner 40 millions de personnes, soit 67 % de sa population, d&#8217;ici à la fin de l&#8217;année. Dans ce but, il avait reçu le 1<sup>er</sup> février un million de doses du vaccin AstraZeneca, qui doivent en théorie arriver à expiration fin avril, et 500 000 autres avaient également été commandées.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Parmi les options étudiées après l&#8217;abandon de ce vaccin, le gouvernement envisage de vendre ou d&#8217;échanger ses lots avec des pays touchés par la souche originelle de coronavirus. « Selon leurs avis, les vaccins seront échangés avant la date d&#8217;expiration », a déclaré Zweli Mkhize, en assurant qu&#8217;« il y a déjà des pays qui demandent de le leur vendre ». </p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">« Nos scientifiques vont continuer à délibérer sur l&#8217;utilisation du vaccin d&#8217;AstraZeneca en Afrique du Sud », a-t-il indiqué. Certains ont évoqué la possibilité de l&#8217;administrer à plusieurs milliers de gens dans le pays pour évaluer ses effets sur les formes sévères de contamination au variant 501Y.V2.</p>



<h3 class="has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color wp-block-heading">Une campagne de vaccination qui s&#8217;éloigne</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">À l&#8217;heure actuelle, neuf millions de doses de vaccins Johnson &amp; Johnson ont été commandées, dont une première livraison, en petite quantité, est attendue la semaine prochaine. Le premier arrivage sera probablement utilisé comme « stock de recherche », a indiqué le ministre. </p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">La société pharmaceutique sud-africaine Aspen, fabricant agréé pour le vaccin Johnson &amp; Johnson, « est très déterminée à accélérer la production en Afrique du Sud », a déclaré Zweli Mkhize, affirmant que ces premières doses seraient disponibles en avril. Contacté par l’AFP, Aspen a indiqué n’avoir « pas plus d’information » sur un accord avec Johnson &amp; Johnson et que tout commentaire était « prématuré ».</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Après avoir tardé à se lancer dans la course mondiale aux vaccins, le gouvernement sud-africain cherche également à se procurer d&#8217;autres vaccins auprès du laboratoire américain Pfizer, ainsi qu&#8217;à travers le mécanisme Covax, mis en place par l&#8217;Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) pour tenter de garantir une distribution équitable des moyens de lutte contre le Covid-19. </p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">L&#8217;Afrique du Sud est frappée par une deuxième vague de coronavirus, largement causée par un variant local réputé beaucoup plus contagieux que le virus originel. Depuis le début de la pandémie, le pays a enregistré près de 1,5 million de cas de contamination et plus de 46 800 décès dus au coronavirus.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/21327232.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="660" height="396" src="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/21327232.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-2953" srcset="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/21327232.jpg 660w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/21327232-300x180.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px" /></a></figure>



<p class="has-text-align-center has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px"><strong>World Opinions News &#8211; agences</strong></p>
<p>L’article <a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com/afrique-du-sud-vous-avez-dit-casse-tete-vaccinal/2952/">Afrique du Sud : vous avez dit casse-tête vaccinal ?</a> est apparu en premier sur <a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com">زوايا ميادين | Mayadin Columns</a>.</p>
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		<title>South Africa in shock after AstraZeneca vaccine rollout halted</title>
		<link>https://opinions-mayadin.com/south-africa-in-shock-after-astrazeneca-vaccine-rollout-halted/2940/</link>
					<comments>https://opinions-mayadin.com/south-africa-in-shock-after-astrazeneca-vaccine-rollout-halted/2940/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[worldOpinions]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Feb 2021 20:53:15 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Non classé]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Africa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Afrique]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AstraZeneca]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Coronavirus]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://opinions-mayadin.com/?p=2940</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>South Africa's decision to halt its rollout of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine after a study showed "disappointing" results against its new Covid-19 variant may have left the nation in shock, but it also shows how scientists are at the forefront of the battle against coronavirus.</p>
<p>L’article <a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com/south-africa-in-shock-after-astrazeneca-vaccine-rollout-halted/2940/">South Africa in shock after AstraZeneca vaccine rollout halted</a> est apparu en premier sur <a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com">زوايا ميادين | Mayadin Columns</a>.</p>
]]></description>
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<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/116880662_gettyimages-1223516521.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="976" height="549" src="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/116880662_gettyimages-1223516521.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-2941" srcset="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/116880662_gettyimages-1223516521.jpg 976w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/116880662_gettyimages-1223516521-300x169.jpg 300w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/116880662_gettyimages-1223516521-768x432.jpg 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 976px) 100vw, 976px" /></a></figure>



<p class="has-white-color has-vivid-red-background-color has-text-color has-background wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:22px"><strong>South Africa&#8217;s decision to halt its rollout of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine after</strong> a study showed &#8220;disappointing&#8221; results<strong> against its new Covid-19 variant may have left the nation in shock, but it also shows how scientists are at the forefront of the battle against coronavirus.</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">One and half million doses of the jab had been bought for healthcare workers and they were due to start getting their vaccinations this week</p>



<h2 class="has-vivid-red-color has-text-color wp-block-heading">How do frontline workers feel?</h2>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">There is no denying that they feel anxious.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Siviwe Gwarube, head of health for the main opposition Democratic Alliance, said the setback left them vulnerable to a third wave.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">South Africa has recorded almost 1.5 million coronavirus cases and more than 46,000 deaths since the pandemic began &#8211; a higher toll than any other country on the continent.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">&#8220;I had a lot of hope that the vaccine would change the situation we&#8217;re in as a country. A lot of people are losing jobs. I&#8217;m a medical student and we are really exposed to Covid-19. It was a blow for me when I heard that the efficacy of the vaccine was lower,&#8221; a young male medic, who asked to remain anonymous, told the BBC.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">But health experts say while the new variant has affected South Africa&#8217;s initial vaccine plan, all is not lost &#8211; and 100,000 older nurses and other health workers will still be given the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine as part of a new trial.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">This is because they believe that the vaccine may still be effective in preventing severe illness and go some way to reducing the number of people who need to be admitted to hospital for treatment.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">This is important in a country where some 80% of the population cannot afford private health care and rely on state hospitals, which are currently overstretched.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/116880662_gettyimages-1223516521.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="976" height="549" src="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/116880662_gettyimages-1223516521.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-2941" srcset="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/116880662_gettyimages-1223516521.jpg 976w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/116880662_gettyimages-1223516521-300x169.jpg 300w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/116880662_gettyimages-1223516521-768x432.jpg 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 976px) 100vw, 976px" /></a></figure>



<p class="has-text-align-center has-white-color has-vivid-red-background-color has-text-color has-background wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px"><strong>World Opinions News <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55999678" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">&#8211; bbc.com</a></strong></p>
<p>L’article <a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com/south-africa-in-shock-after-astrazeneca-vaccine-rollout-halted/2940/">South Africa in shock after AstraZeneca vaccine rollout halted</a> est apparu en premier sur <a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com">زوايا ميادين | Mayadin Columns</a>.</p>
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		<title>Le régulateur européen approuve le vaccin AstraZeneca pour les plus de 18 ans</title>
		<link>https://opinions-mayadin.com/le-regulateur-europeen-approuve-le-vaccin-astrazeneca-pour-les-plus-de-18-ans/2814/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[admin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 29 Jan 2021 18:06:14 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Non classé]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AstraZeneca]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://opinions-mayadin.com/?p=2814</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>L'Agence européenne des médicaments (EMA) a recommandé, vendredi, d'accorder une autorisation de mise sur le marché du vaccin d'AstraZeneca contre le Covid-19 pour les personnes âgées de 18 ans et plus. Il s'agit du troisième vaccin contre le Covid-19 dont l'EMA a recommandé l'autorisation.</p>
<p>L’article <a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com/le-regulateur-europeen-approuve-le-vaccin-astrazeneca-pour-les-plus-de-18-ans/2814/">Le régulateur européen approuve le vaccin AstraZeneca pour les plus de 18 ans</a> est apparu en premier sur <a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com">زوايا ميادين | Mayadin Columns</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/c3e9a48ea0edc1.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="630" height="390" src="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/c3e9a48ea0edc1.png" alt="" class="wp-image-2815" srcset="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/c3e9a48ea0edc1.png 630w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/c3e9a48ea0edc1-300x186.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px" /></a></figure>



<p class="has-white-color has-vivid-red-background-color has-text-color has-background has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph"><strong>L&#8217;Agence européenne des médicaments (EMA) a recommandé, vendredi, d&#8217;accorder une autorisation de mise sur le marché du vaccin d&#8217;AstraZeneca contre le Covid-19 pour les personnes âgées de 18 ans et plus. Il s&#8217;agit du troisième vaccin contre le Covid-19 dont l&#8217;EMA a recommandé l&#8217;autorisation.</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Le régulateur européen en matière de vaccins et antibiotiques, l&#8217;Agence européenne des médicaments (AME), a autorisé&nbsp;vendredi 29 janvier&nbsp;le vaccin anti-Covid produit par AstraZeneca et Oxford pour les plus de 18 ans.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">L&#8217;autorité vaccinale allemande a toutefois pris le contre-pied de l&#8217;AME en réitérant vendredi sa recommandation de ne pas autoriser ce vaccin AstraZeneca pour les personnes âgées de 65 ans et plus.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Il s&#8217;agit du troisième vaccin contre le Covid-19 dont l&#8217;EMA a recommandé l&#8217;autorisation, après&nbsp;les vaccins Pfizer/BioNTech&nbsp;et&nbsp;Moderna. &nbsp;L&#8217;agence a par ailleurs indiqué vendredi s&#8217;attendre à recevoir &#8220;prochainement&#8221; une demande d&#8217;autorisation de mise sur le marché conditionnelle dans l&#8217;UE du vaccin contre le Covid-19 développé par Johnson &amp; Johnson.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Pour autant, l&#8217;Union européenne (UE) reste en litige avec le laboratoire britannique, coupable selon elle de ne pas respecter les termes du contrat passé avec Bruxelles.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px"><a href="http://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_302" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">L’UE a ainsi publié, vendredi, le contrat signé avec AstraZeneca pour son vaccin anti-Covid</a>, dans le but affiché de renforcer la pression sur le laboratoire, appelé à respecter ses engagements, alors qu&#8217;il a fait état d&#8217;importants retards de production.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Bruxelles réclamait au groupe suédo-britannique la publication du contrat signé en août sur la précommande de 400 millions de doses, après l&#8217;annonce d&#8217;une réduction de trois-quarts au premier trimestre des livraisons promises à l&#8217;UE.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Le contrat d&#8217;une quarantaine de pages, mis en ligne par la Commission, est amputé de nombreux passages jugés &#8220;confidentiels&#8221; ou relevant du &#8220;secret des affaires&#8221;&nbsp;– qui incluent le prix, les modalités de paiement et le calendrier exact de livraisons.</p>



<p class="has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph"><strong>&#8220;Un objectif légal classique&#8221;</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">L&#8217;accord assure qu&#8217;AstraZeneca fera &#8220;de son mieux&#8221; pour augmenter ses capacités de production, tout en rappelant que le respect du contrat constitue pour lui &#8220;une obligation légale, valide et contraignante&#8221;.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">L&#8217;entreprise &#8220;s&#8217;est engagée à faire tous les efforts raisonnables en vue de mettre sur pied des capacités pour produire 300 millions de doses du vaccin, sans en tirer de bénéfices ni essuyer de pertes&#8221;, indique le texte, mentionnant l&#8217;option pour l&#8217;UE de commander 100 millions de doses supplémentaires.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Le PDG d&#8217;AstraZeneca avait suggéré, dans un entretien à plusieurs médias, que son groupe n&#8217;avait pas d&#8217;engagement formel en termes de livraisons en raison de la formule &#8220;faire de son mieux&#8221;.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">&#8220;Il semble dire que c&#8217;est une notion subjective : ce n&#8217;est pas vrai sur le plan juridique (&#8230;) Le ‘meilleur effort raisonnable’ est un objectif légal classique, habituellement utilisé dans ce type d&#8217;accord quand vous achetez quelque chose qui n&#8217;existe pas encore&#8221;, a expliqué sous couvert d&#8217;anonymat un responsable de la Commission.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Si des facteurs (autorisation du vaccin par exemple) ne dépendent pas de l&#8217;entreprise, &#8220;la montée en puissance des capacités de production est, elle, entièrement aux mains du groupe&#8221;, a-t-il affirmé.</p>



<p class="has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Débat sur la production faite au Royaume-Uni</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">AstraZeneca a argué d&#8217;une &#8220;baisse de rendement&#8221; sur un site de fabrication européen pour expliquer ses retards de livraisons à l&#8217;UE. Une explication jugée &#8220;insatisfaisante&#8221; par la Commission, qui a réclamé une inspection du site industriel belge concerné, géré par un sous-traitant du groupe.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Selon l&#8217;exécutif européen, le contrat prévoit que la production aurait lieu dans quatre usines, deux dans l&#8217;UE et deux au Royaume-Uni&nbsp;– des indications masquées dans le texte rendu public vendredi&nbsp;– et des baisses de rendement en Belgique devraient donc être compensées ailleurs.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Dans un entretien à certains médias, le PDG d&#8217;AstraZeneca, le Français Pascal Soriot, avait cependant assuré devoir réserver aux Britanniques la production des usines au Royaume-Uni.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Un argument fermement contesté par Bruxelles : le recours aux usines britanniques pour approvisionner l&#8217;UE &#8220;n&#8217;est pas une option, c&#8217;est une obligation contractuelle&#8221;, a insisté le responsable européen. &#8220;On est quelque peu embarrassé par le fait que plusieurs usines sont manifestement censées nous fournir les vaccins commandés, et pourtant nous ne recevons des doses que d&#8217;une seule d&#8217;entre elles&#8221;, a-t-il critiqué.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/c3e9a48ea0edc1.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="630" height="390" src="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/c3e9a48ea0edc1.png" alt="" class="wp-image-2815" srcset="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/c3e9a48ea0edc1.png 630w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/c3e9a48ea0edc1-300x186.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px" /></a></figure>



<p class="has-text-align-center has-vivid-red-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px"><strong>World Opinions News &#8211; AFP &#8211; France 24</strong></p>
<p>L’article <a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com/le-regulateur-europeen-approuve-le-vaccin-astrazeneca-pour-les-plus-de-18-ans/2814/">Le régulateur européen approuve le vaccin AstraZeneca pour les plus de 18 ans</a> est apparu en premier sur <a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com">زوايا ميادين | Mayadin Columns</a>.</p>
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		<title>Britain and EU clash over claims to UK-produced Covid vaccine</title>
		<link>https://opinions-mayadin.com/britain-and-eu-clash-over-claims-to-uk-produced-covid-vaccine/2792/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[admin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 27 Jan 2021 19:25:20 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Non classé]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AstraZeneca]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Claims]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>Britain is on a collision course with the EU over vaccine shortages after Brussels refused to accept that people in the UK have first claim on Oxford/AstraZeneca doses produced in local plants.</p>
<p>L’article <a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com/britain-and-eu-clash-over-claims-to-uk-produced-covid-vaccine/2792/">Britain and EU clash over claims to UK-produced Covid vaccine</a> est apparu en premier sur <a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com">زوايا ميادين | Mayadin Columns</a>.</p>
]]></description>
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<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/5177.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="614" src="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/5177-1024x614.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-2793" srcset="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/5177-1024x614.jpg 1024w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/5177-300x180.jpg 300w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/5177-768x461.jpg 768w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/5177.jpg 1240w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>



<p class="has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Britain is on a collision course with the EU over vaccine shortages after Brussels refused to accept that people in the UK have first claim on Oxford/AstraZeneca doses produced in local plants.</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">The EU’s health commissioner outright dismissed on Wednesday an argument made by Pascal Soriot, the Anglo-Swedish company’s chief executive, that he was contractually obliged to supply the UK first.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">In a withering statement, Stella Kyriakides said the UK should not earn any advantage from signing a contract with&nbsp;<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/astrazeneca" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">AstraZeneca</a>&nbsp;three months before the EU’s executive branch put pen to paper.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">“We reject the logic of first come, first served,” the commissioner said. “That may work in a butcher’s shop but not in contracts and not in our advanced purchase agreements.”</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">AstraZeneca has enraged Brussels and EU capitals by warning that it will be able to deliver only 25% of the doses scheduled for delivery in the first quarter of the year once the European medicines authority has given its approval, as is expected on Friday.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">At the same time, the company has assured the British government, which chose not to be part of the EU vaccine programme, that it will fulfil its promise to deliver 2m doses a week for the benefit of UK residents.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">On Tuesday UK government sources insisted that only once the British facilities in Oxford and Staffordshire had produced 100m doses for the local population would those plants be free to supply other countries.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">A government spokesperson said: “We are in constant contact with the vaccine manufacturers and remain confident that the supply of vaccine to the UK will not be disrupted. We have deals in place with seven vaccine developers that will ensure our supply continues to grow as we rapidly expand the rollout in the weeks ahead.”</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">The EU is investing €336m (£297m) in AstraZeneca in return for 400m doses of its vaccine, the first 100m of which had been expected before April.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Boris Johnson risked further inflaming matters on Wednesday by claiming it would have been a “great pity” if the UK had followed advice to stay in the EU vaccine programme rather than set up its own plan.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">“I do think that we’ve been able to do things differently, and better, in some ways,” the prime minister told the House of Commons. “But it is early days, and it is very, very important to remember that this is an international venture, these vaccines. We depend on our friends and partners, and we will continue … to work with those friends and partners in the EU and beyond.”</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">The clash between British and European interests, aftEUer a year of tense negotiations over post-Brexit trade and security, poses a threat to relations at a time when EU institutions and 27 EU governments are coming under criticism for the slow deployment of their vaccination programmes.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">While the UK has administered vaccine first doses to more than 10% of adults and plans to vaccinate the most vulnerable 15 million – including all over-70s – by mid-February, the EU has reached 2% so far. The UK’s regulator approved the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine in late December.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Kyriakides said that under its contract with AstraZeneca, four European plants were named as suppliers and two of those were based in the UK, and she expected them to work for EU citizens.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">The company has claimed that the contract with the EU only obliges it to make “best efforts” to supply the bloc, in the understanding that it has other obligations, and that the vaccine production process is prone to breakdown.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">A spokesperson for AstraZeneca said: “Each supply chain was developed with input and investment from specific countries or international organisations based on the supply agreements, including our agreement with the European commission.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">“As each supply chain has been set up to meet the needs of a specific agreement, the vaccine produced from any supply chain is dedicated to the relevant countries or regions and makes use of local manufacturing wherever possible.”</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Kyriakides, a Cypriot who studied in Britain, said the argument was unacceptable and the company had a moral duty to treat the EU similarly to the UK.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">She said: “We are in a pandemic. We lose people every day. These are not numbers, they’re not statistics. These are persons with families with friends and colleagues that are all affected as well.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">“Pharmaceutical companies, vaccine developers have moral, societal and contractual responsibilities, which they need to uphold. The view that the company is not obliged to deliver because we signed a best effort agreement is neither correct, nor is it acceptable.”</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Kyriakides said there was no “priority clause” that would justify British residents benefiting first from doses made in the UK.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">The European commission is rifling through customs records over fears vaccines made on EU territory have been shipped to the UK. “The customs data do not lie,” a senior EU official said. “You can be assured that we will find the information, that’s for sure.”</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Kyriakides said: “No company should be under any illusion that we don’t have the means to understand what is happening.”</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">The EU has called for AstraZeneca to waive its concerns over confidentiality and publish the vaccine contract. Officials said they would look into whether comments from its chief executive were in breach of its clauses.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">In his interview, the French head of AstraZeneca lamented problems in a plant in Belgium but said he was duty-bound to put the UK first.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">“The UK agreement was reached in June, three months before the European one,” Soriot said. “As you could imagine, the UK government said the supply coming out of the UK supply chain would go for the UK first. Basically that’s how it is.”</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">In response to the shortages, the commission is to release details of a new “transparency register” by the end of the week to oblige vaccine suppliers to notify it&nbsp;of exports, with the German government raising the prospect of a block on the movement of doses outside the EU.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">The EU wants to ensure that doses made in AstraZeneca’s plants in Belgium and the Netherlands are not in future sent to the UK. There is also the risk that exports of the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine from European plants could be blocked from reaching the UK, although the commission has sought to assuage those fears.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">“People in the United Kingdom are vaccinated with a very good vaccine produced in&nbsp;Europe, supported by European money,” said Peter Liese, a German MEP in Angela Merkel’s CDU party, referring to the BioNTech/Pfizer vaccine.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">“If there is anyone thinking that European citizens would accept that we give this high quality vaccine to the United Kingdom and would accept to be treated as second class by a UK-based company, I think the only consequence can be to immediately stop the export of the BioNTech/Pfizer vaccine. And then we are in the middle of a trade war. So the company and the UK better think twice.”</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/5177.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="614" src="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/5177-1024x614.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-2793" srcset="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/5177-1024x614.jpg 1024w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/5177-300x180.jpg 300w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/5177-768x461.jpg 768w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/5177.jpg 1240w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>



<p class="has-text-align-center has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px"><strong>World Opinions News &#8211; <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/27/eu-covid-vaccine-row-astrazeneca-european-commission" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">theguardian.com</a></strong></p>
<p>L’article <a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com/britain-and-eu-clash-over-claims-to-uk-produced-covid-vaccine/2792/">Britain and EU clash over claims to UK-produced Covid vaccine</a> est apparu en premier sur <a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com">زوايا ميادين | Mayadin Columns</a>.</p>
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		<title>Ce que l’on sait de la sûreté des vaccins à ARN messager</title>
		<link>https://opinions-mayadin.com/ce-que-lon-sait-de-la-surete-des-vaccins-a-arn-messager/2626/</link>
					<comments>https://opinions-mayadin.com/ce-que-lon-sait-de-la-surete-des-vaccins-a-arn-messager/2626/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[admin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 11 Jan 2021 17:38:02 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Non classé]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ARN]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ARN Messager]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Coronavirus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Covid vaccine]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Vaccins]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>Bien qu’étudiés depuis longtemps, les vaccins à ARN ont atteint une maturité technique plutôt récente, ce qui soulève craintes et questionnements.</p>
<p>L’article <a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com/ce-que-lon-sait-de-la-surete-des-vaccins-a-arn-messager/2626/">Ce que l’on sait de la sûreté des vaccins à ARN messager</a> est apparu en premier sur <a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com">زوايا ميادين | Mayadin Columns</a>.</p>
]]></description>
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<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/1aba796_660913297-sarscov2.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="683" src="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/1aba796_660913297-sarscov2-1024x683.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-2627" srcset="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/1aba796_660913297-sarscov2-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/1aba796_660913297-sarscov2-300x200.jpg 300w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/1aba796_660913297-sarscov2-768x512.jpg 768w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/1aba796_660913297-sarscov2.jpg 1328w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>



<p class="has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Bien qu’étudiés depuis longtemps, les vaccins à ARN ont atteint une maturité technique plutôt récente, ce qui soulève craintes et questionnements.</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Le 9 novembre, l’alliance germano-américaine Pfizer-BioNTech était la première à annoncer les résultats de son candidat-vaccin, efficace, selon elle, à 90 % à l’issue des essais cliniques de la phase 3. Sept jours plus tard, le laboratoire américain Moderna annonçait une efficacité de 94,5 % pour le sien. Le point commun entre ces deux projets ? Ils utilisent tous deux une technique vaccinale nouvelle, à ARN messager (ARNm).</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Si ces annonces n’ont pas surpris le petit monde des spécialistes de cette molécule, l’irruption médiatique très soudaine de cette technique vaccinale peu connue dans le débat public n’a pas manqué de soulever de nombreuses interrogations, souvent légitimes et qui ont largement dépassé les publics sceptiques sur les vaccins.</p>



<p class="has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Comment fonctionnent ces vaccins ?</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Ces vaccins contiennent de l’ARN messager, une molécule présente chez tous les êtres vivants et dont la structure est quasi identique à l’ADN qui contient l’information génétique dans le noyau de la cellule des êtres humains. On parle d’ARN « messager » lorsque sa forme est celle d’une copie temporaire d’un fragment d’ADN.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Lors de l’injection du vaccin, un brin d’ARNm spécifique est transporté jusque dans les cellules du muscle deltoïde de l’épaule. Une fois arrivé dans la cellule, ce brin d’ARN va être «&nbsp;lu&nbsp;» par ses ribosomes, qui sont, en quelque sorte, les «&nbsp;usines&nbsp;» chargées de synthétiser les protéines de celle-ci, et va leur faire fabriquer la protéine de spicule du coronavirus. Présentes en nombre dans les cellules humaines, ces protéines déclencheront à leur encontre une réaction du système immunitaire, qui fabriquera des anticorps neutralisants. Les mêmes anticorps qui pourront reconnaître et combattre efficacement le coronavirus s’il tente d’infecter l’organisme plus tard.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Une fois cet ARN « lu », le scénario est le même que lorsqu’un virus comme le SARS-CoV-2 infecte une cellule : l’ARN viral est rapidement détruit et il n’en reste plus aucune trace.1.L’ARN protégé par unemembrane de lipides pénètrela cellule humaine2.Le brin d’ARN fait fabriquerl’antigène du coronavirusà la cellule3.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">L’ARN injecté n’est pas « nu », mais dans une enveloppe composée de lipides (graisse). Pourquoi ? Parce que des ARN libérés dans le milieu extra-cellulaire se feraient rapidement attaquer et détruire. <em>« Quand on injecte un ARN tout “nu”, il est rapidement dégradé, donc la première nécessité, c’est éviter sa dégradation, donc le protéger »</em>, explique Bernard Verrier, directeur du Laboratoire de biologie tissulaire et d’ingénierie thérapeutique (LBTI) de l’université Claude-Bernard, à Lyon.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Ainsi, chaque brin d’ARNm est protégé par ce qu’on peut appeler son « véhicule », ou son « cargo », chargé à la fois de lui conférer une « cape d’invisibilité » pour le protéger des cellules immunitaires qui réagiraient à sa présence et de le faire pénétrer dans une cellule humaine. Ce « véhicule » est un assemblage complexe qui est propre à chaque laboratoire et est souvent breveté par ceux-ci.</p>



<p class="has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Les vaccins à ARNm peuvent-ils modifier l’ADN de nos cellules ?</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">C’est l’inquiétude principale soulevée par de nombreuses personnes et de nombreux textes circulant sur les réseaux sociaux, dont celui du professeur Christian Perronne, connu pour ses prises de positions tranchées et ses affirmations souvent inexactes.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Nos connaissances actuelles sur le fonctionnement de l’ARNm et de la cellule sont pourtant claires : les vaccins à ARNm ne peuvent pas modifier l’ADN des cellules humaines, car cet ARNm ne peut pas entrer dans le noyau de la cellule, là où se trouvent les quarante-six chromosomes contenant l’ADN humain.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px"><em>«&nbsp;Pour s’intégrer à notre ADN, il faudrait que cet ARN soit rétro-transcrit sous forme d’ADN&nbsp;»</em>, ce qui est du domaine de l’impossible. En effet, la transcription se fait habituellement de l’ADN vers l’ARN.&nbsp;<em>«&nbsp;Il faudrait qu’il entre dans le noyau et qu’il s’intègre au génome, c’est un scénario catastrophe vraiment très, très peu probable&nbsp;»</em>, souligne Céline Lacroix, chercheuse au Laboratoire de biologie tissulaire et ingénierie thérapeutique (LBTI).</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">L’argument n’a pas convaincu le professeur Perronne, qui affirme que cet ARN viral peut être transcrit par les rétrovirus endogènes, car ceux-ci pourraient, selon lui,&nbsp;<em>«&nbsp;produire une enzyme, la transcriptase inverse, capable de transcrire à l’envers, de l’ARN vers l’ADN&nbsp;»</em>.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Pour comprendre l’argument du professeur Perronne, il faut savoir que les rétrovirus sont des virus à ARN qui ont, eux, la capacité de transcrire à l’envers cet ARN en ADN (on parle alors de rétro<em>&#8211;</em>transcription) grâce à une enzyme clé qu’ils possèdent, la transcriptase inverse (TI), et ainsi de pénétrer dans le noyau d’une cellule. Le virus du sida, le VIH, possède par exemple ce pouvoir.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">En revanche, les rétrovirus endogènes n’ont aucune activité de transcription de l’ARN vers l’ADN, contrairement à ce qu’affirme le professeur Perronne.&nbsp;<em>«&nbsp;Ce qu’on appelle des rétrovirus endogènes, ce sont des rétrovirus qui, au cours de l’évolution, ont intégré le génome de l’être humain</em>, explique Bernard Verrier, spécialiste de l’ARN messager.&nbsp;<em>Il n’y a que si vous étiez infecté par le virus du sida dans la même cellule que le virus pourrait peut-être rétrotranscrire l’ARN. Et après il faudrait encore qu’il s’intègre, donc ce n’est pas possible.&nbsp;»</em>&nbsp;Même dans ce cas de figure déjà extrêmement improbable, une modification si légère n’aurait probablement aucune conséquence, tant le génome humain comporte d’ADN viral apporté par des millions d’années d’évolution (on estime que 5&nbsp;% à&nbsp;8&nbsp;% de l’ADN humain proviennent d’ADN viral).</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">De plus, de telles modifications ont une probabilité assez faible d’être transmises de génération en génération. Il faudrait pour cela qu’une telle modification procure un avantage évolutif aux cellules qui en sont porteuses et atteigne les cellules germinales (les cellules sexuelles). Là encore, les probabilités sont plus que ténues.&nbsp;<em>«&nbsp;Cela fait beaucoup de successions d’éléments peu probables&nbsp;»</em>, résume Bernard Verrier.</p>



<p class="has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Quels sont les effets secondaires associés aux vaccins à ARNm ?</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">D’après les données communiquées par Moderna, Pfizer et la FDA, la grande majorité des effets secondaires observés lors des essais cliniques se manifestent dans les jours suivant la vaccination et sontclassiques et relativement attendus : rougeur au point d’injection, fatigue, maux de tête, douleurs musculaires, frissons ou fièvre. La fréquence de ces effets secondaires est plus importante après la seconde dose (jusqu’à plus de la moitié des volontaires vaccinés avec le vaccin Pfizer-BioNTech ont ressenti des effets secondaires bénins à modérés, souvent chez les moins de 55 ans). Les effets secondaires ressentis à moyen terme (un à deux mois après la dose) sont en revanche nettement plus rares.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Selon les données de la phase 3 de Pfizer-BioNTech publiées par la FDA le 8 décembre, la fréquence des événements indésirables graves (EIG) est quasiment identique dans les deux groupes testés (0,6 % dans le groupe des vaccinés, 0,5 % dans le groupe placebo), la plupart dans le groupe des vaccinés étant des appendicites, des infarctus et des accidents vasculaires cérébraux, dont les enquêteurs ont estimé qu’ils n’étaient pas liés au vaccin.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Les enquêteurs ont déterminé que la vaccination était liée à potentiellement trois EIG (une blessure à l’épaule, une arythmie ventriculaire et une lymphadénopathie) sur presque 19 000 patients. Il existe aussi un potentiel lien avec des cas isolés de paralysie de Bell (une paralysie faciale). Un cas modéré de paralysie de Bell <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(17)31665-3/fulltext" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">avait notamment été détecté en 2017 lors d’un essai clinique d’un vaccin à ARN contre la rage</a>, et quatre cas ont été enregistrés parmi le groupe des vaccinés de l’<a href="https://www.fda.gov/media/144245/download" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">essai de phase 3 de Pfizer-BioNTech</a>. Mais aucun lien formel n’a encore été démontré. Enfin, deux réactions allergiques observées chez des membres du service national de santé britannique (NHS) <a href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/health/covid-vaccine-allergic-reactions-uk-b1768530.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">ont conduit celui-ci à déconseiller, le 9 décembre</a>, le vaccin de Pfizer-BioNTech pour les personnes présentant des antécédents de telles réactions. Tous ces effets secondaires ont été temporaires et se sont résorbés depuis.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Néanmoins, un essai clinique incluant environ 20&nbsp;000 personnes ne permet pas de détecter toutes les réactions possibles. Certaines réactions ne concerneront qu’une personne sur 50&nbsp;000&nbsp;ou 100&nbsp;000, d’autres se manifesteront six ou douze mois après injection, et il est donc encore trop tôt pour les détecter.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Théoriquement, l’ARN injecté et son enveloppe de lipides ont tous deux une toxicité intrinsèque. Mais, dans les faits, cette toxicité dépend beaucoup du mode d’administration du vaccin. La voie intraveineuse est, par exemple, connue pour provoquer de plus lourds effets indésirables. Mais la voie intramusculaire retenue par Moderna et Pfizer-BioNTech ne présente pas normalement de risques élevés, et ce mode d’administration est considéré comme sûr.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Bernard Verrier fait aussi observer que <em>« plus les doses d’ARN augmentent, plus les effets secondaires sont importants »</em>, à la fois dans les résultats des essais cliniques des vaccins de Moderna et Pfizer-BioNTech. Cela a conduit les laboratoires à revoir à la baisse les doses afin de minimiser la fréquence et la sévérité de ces effets indésirables.</p>



<p class="has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Existe-t-il des risques de réactions sévères à ces vaccins ?</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Comme pour tous les vaccins conçus sur les techniques précédentes, il est rare mais possible que les vaccins à ARNm déclenchent des réactions sévères.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Au Royaume-Uni, où la campagne de vaccination a commencé, le 8 décembre, les autorités sanitaires ont déconseillé l’administration du vaccin Pfizer/BioNTech aux personnes ayant eu dans le passé d’<em>« importantes réactions allergiques » </em>à des vaccins, des médicaments ou de la nourriture. Deux personnes sujettes aux allergies, au point de garder toujours de l’adrénaline sur elles, ont mal réagi aux premières injections, mais <em>« se remettent bien »</em>, selon directeur médical du service national de santé pour l’Angleterre.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Le débat entre chercheurs porte principalement sur le potentiel inflammatoire de ce type de vaccin.&nbsp;<em>«&nbsp;Quand on injecte un ARN, il est considéré comme un corps étranger et très dangereux par l’organisme, qui cherche à tout prix à le détruire, d’où une réaction inflammatoire&nbsp;; à ce moment-là se déclenche une réponse immunitaire innée qui va détruire l’ARN et empêcher même sa traduction en protéine</em>, explique M.&nbsp;Verrier.&nbsp;<em>Ce qui peut arriver, c’est une réaction en chaîne chez un individu qui a un terrain sensible à l’inflammation</em>.&nbsp;<em>»</em></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px"><em>« Une possible source d’inquiétude serait que certains vaccins à ARNm induisent une puissante réaction des interférons de type I, qui sont associés non seulement à des risques inflammatoires, mais aussi potentiellement à des réactions auto-immunes »</em>, <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nrd.2017.243" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">écrivaient ainsi, en 2018,</a> quatre spécialistes reconnus de l’ARNm, dont trois sont issus du département de médecine de l’université de Pennsylvanie. Interrogé sur cette question, Drew Weissman, coauteur de la publication et un des pionniers de l’ARNm, précise au <em>Monde</em> que le fait de modifier les bases de l’ARNm injecté et d’avoir amélioré sa <em>« purification »</em> a cependant <em>« grandement réduit le potentiel inflammatoire »</em> de l’ARN.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Quant au risque de générer des réactions auto-immunes (c’est-à-dire quand le système immunitaire se retourne contre les composants de l’organisme), il reste, pour l’instant, purement théorique. <em>« L’exposition de cet ARN dans une enveloppe de lipides peut peut-être induire </em>– <em>il faudrait le démontrer </em>–<em> une réponse contre les ARN, qui pourrait être source d’une toxicité dans X années »</em>, analyse Bernard Verrier.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Les scientifiques n’ont, pour le moment, aucune donnée ni observation à l’appui d’un tel risque, celui-ci doit donc encore faire l’objet de recherches approfondies. Si un tel scénario n’est pas exclu, il est, dans l’état des connaissances actuelles, considéré comme une possibilité relativement rare.&nbsp;<em>«&nbsp;L’identification des individus présentant un risque accru de réactions auto-immunes avant la vaccination par ARNm peut permettre de prendre des précautions raisonnables&nbsp;»</em>, concluaient ainsi Drew Weissman et ses collègues, en&nbsp;2018.</p>



<p class="has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Dispose-t-on de suffisamment de recul sur cette technologie ?</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">La question est éminemment compliquée tant l’acceptabilité du risque dépend de ce que chacun perçoit de l’urgence de tels vaccins et du rapport avec le bénéfice qu’on en attend. Il n’est pas tout à fait vrai que cette technologie n’a jamais été testée sur des humains. Les vaccins à ARN ont été testés sur au moins quatre virus&nbsp;: le Zika, la grippe, la rage et le cytomégalovirus. Mais ces essais cliniques n’ont pas dépassé la phase&nbsp;1, ce qui limite le recul dont on peut disposer sur les observations cliniques.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px"><em>« Moderna et BioNTech avaient déjà procédé à des essais cliniques, mais ils ont été arrêtés parce que le vaccin ne fonctionnait pas. Comme c’est la première fois qu’on utilise l’ARN en vaccination prophylactique, on n’a pas vraiment de recul »</em>, confirme Céline Lacroix. Mais il est aussi clair que cette technique a fait l’objet d’améliorations continues ces dix dernières années, qui ont largement contribué à sa sûreté, au point où désormais beaucoup d’observateurs la considèrent comme sûre, davantage même que d’autres techniques vaccinales.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px">Si personne n’exclut, à l’heure actuelle, qu’une vaccination de masse puisse générer des cas isolés de réactions sévères que la pharmacovigilance renforcée devra documenter et recenser, les données accumulées jusqu’à présent sont rassurantes et indiquent que le rapport bénéfice/risque est nettement en faveur de cette technique.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/1aba796_660913297-sarscov2-1.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="683" src="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/1aba796_660913297-sarscov2-1-1024x683.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-2628" srcset="https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/1aba796_660913297-sarscov2-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/1aba796_660913297-sarscov2-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/1aba796_660913297-sarscov2-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://opinions-mayadin.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/1aba796_660913297-sarscov2-1.jpg 1328w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>



<p class="has-text-align-center has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph" style="font-size:18px"><strong>Par Gary Dagorn &#8211;<a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2020/12/11/ce-que-l-on-sait-de-la-surete-des-vaccins-a-arn-messager_6063067_4355770.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> lemonde.fr</a></strong></p>
<p>L’article <a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com/ce-que-lon-sait-de-la-surete-des-vaccins-a-arn-messager/2626/">Ce que l’on sait de la sûreté des vaccins à ARN messager</a> est apparu en premier sur <a href="https://opinions-mayadin.com">زوايا ميادين | Mayadin Columns</a>.</p>
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